Engineered tissue, cells and ex vivo organs

Reconstructed and engineered tissues

Reconstructed human skin and eye tissues are among the most established NAMs in regulation, with OECD test guidelines for skin corrosion, skin irritation and eye irritation. Airway models are widely used but less standardized. MatTek is a reference supplier; Sartorius bought it for $80M in 2025. VivoSim Labs, formerly Organovo, sells liver and intestinal toxicology services on 3D tissues.

Tissue foundries

A newer model grows donor-defined human micro-tissues at scale and trains AI models on their responses. Polyphron, based in New York, raised a $20M seed in September 2026. It starts with cardiac tissue, with liver next.

Cells

iPSC-derived and primary human cells are the inputs for most NAMs. Supply quality and donor diversity limit model performance. Suppliers tracked include Ncardia, Axol Bioscience and BioIVT.

Ex vivo human organs

Revalia Bio runs Human Data Trials on donated organs that cannot be transplanted, kept functional by perfusion. It is part of a Draper-led ARPA-H CATALYST team building AI models on organ, organ-chip and multimodal data. Revalia reports its award as up to $26.7M. Organ supply and logistics are the constraint.